The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the two hinge joints that connect your lower jaw (mandible) to your skull, located just in front of each ear. They allow you to chew, speak, yawn, and swallow. When these joints, or the muscles and ligaments around them, become inflamed, misaligned, or overworked, the result is TMJ disorder.
TMJ disorder (TMD) is more common than many people realise and can range from mild, occasional discomfort to chronic, debilitating pain. Because symptoms often appear gradually, many patients do not realise their jaw is the source of their headaches, neck tension, or ear discomfort.
Common Causes
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Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism), often stress-related or occurring during sleep
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Bite misalignment (malocclusion), where the upper and lower teeth do not meet evenly
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Jaw injury or trauma, such as a blow to the face or whiplash
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Arthritis or degenerative changes in the joint
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Stress, leading to chronic muscle tension in the jaw, face, and neck
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Habits such as nail-biting, chewing pens, or excessive gum chewing

